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Opium is obtained from the latex of Papaver somniferum capsules. It contains mainly morphine, and also codeine, thebaine, noscapine and papaverine. It has analgesic, sedative (morphine) and spasmolytic properties on the intestine (papaverine and noscapine). It is used as prepared opium, powdered opium, tincture of opium, or tincture of camphorated (paregoric) opium. It is an old-fashioned medication that has been used orally to treat acute and chronic pain, diarrhea, cough, and neonatal abstinence syndrome. (Martindale, Zankl 2021, Wunsch 2006, Langenfeld 2005)
Since the last update we have not found published data on its excretion in breastmilk.
Despite of a low molecular weight and a low serum-protein binding capacity that would favor excretion into the milk, its high value of volume distribution would permit a shorter permanence in the blood that would hamper its excretion.
A low oral bioavailability would hamper absorption from ingested mother's milk, except among newborn infants o prematures, who may attain an increased absorption capacity.
The mixture of alkaloids that opium contains and the possibility that it is excreted in breast milk makes it not advisable during lactation.
It is a product with very few bibliographic references and marketed in few countries.
Opium is a prohibited drug of abuse in most countries.
Do not exceed the prescribed dose. Until more information on this drug is available, other options that are known to be safer are recommended, especially when the baby is a newborn or a premature. Follow-up of symptoms as sedation or gastrointestinal disorders is recommended.