Last update Dec. 21, 2022

Nevirapine (NVP)

Likely Compatibility

Fairly safe. Mild or unlikely adverse effects. Compatible under certain circumstances. Follow-up recommended. Read Commentary.

Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with activity against HIV-1. It is used in the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Oral administration once-twice daily.

It is excreted in breast milk in amounts that could be clinically significant. (Aebi 2022, Pressiat 2021, Olagunju 2016 y 2015, Shapiro 2015 y 2005, Palombi 2012, Mirochnick 2009, Rezk 2008, Bennetto 2007, Giuliano 2007, Colebunders 2005, Mirochnick 1998)

Some infants whose mothers took it had rash and hyperbilirubinemia. (Minniear 2012)

The plasma levels of these infants were between 20% and 30% of maternal plasma levels. (Aebi 2022, Olagunju 2015, Shapiro 2013, Palombi 2012, Mirochnick 2009, Shapiro 2005)

During breastfeeding other HIV/AIDS treatments are preferable. (Panel 2022, WHO 2016)


See below the information of this related product:

Alternatives

Suggestions made at e-lactancia are done by APILAM team of health professionals, and are based on updated scientific publications. It is not intended to replace the relationship you have with your doctor but to compound it. The pharmaceutical industry contraindicates breastfeeding, mistakenly and without scientific reasons, in most of the drug data sheets.

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Other names

Nevirapine (NVP) in other languages or writings:

Group

Nevirapine (NVP) belongs to this group or family:

Tradenames

Main tradenames from several countries containing Nevirapine (NVP) in its composition:

List of 8 tradenames

Pharmacokinetics

Variable Value Unit
Oral Bioavail. 93 ± 9 %
Molecular weight 266 daltons
Protein Binding 60 %
VD 1.2 ± 0.1 l/Kg
pKa 14.98 -
Tmax 4 hours
T½ 25 - 45 hours
M/P ratio 0.8 -
Theoretical Dose 0.3 - 1.1 mg/Kg/d
Relative Dose 3.4 - 15.3 %

References

  1. Aebi-Popp K, Kahlert CR, Crisinel PA, Decosterd L, Saldanha SA, Hoesli I, Martinez De Tejada B, Duppenthaler A, Rauch A, Marzolini C; Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study (SHCS).. Transfer of antiretroviral drugs into breastmilk: a prospective study from the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022 Nov 28;77(12):3436-3442. Consulted on Dec. 16, 2022 Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  2. Pressiat C, Toni TD, Treluyer JM, Yonaba C, Dahourou DL, Malateste K, Seguin-Devaux C, Leroy V, Hirt D; MONOD ANRS Study Group.. High nevirapine levels in breast milk and consequences in HIV-infected child when initiated on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2021 Nov 15;35(14):2409-2410. Abstract
  3. WHO - World Health Organization Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. Guideline. 2016 Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  4. CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Updated Guidelines for Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV— United States. nPEP Guidelines Update. 2016 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  5. Olagunju A, Khoo S, Owen A. Pharmacogenetics of nevirapine excretion into breast milk and infants' exposure through breast milk versus postexposure prophylaxis. Pharmacogenomics. 2016 Jun;17(8):891-906. Abstract
  6. Olagunju A, Amara A, Waitt C, Else L, Penchala SD, Bolaji O, Soyinka J, Siccardi M, Back D, Owen A, Khoo S. Validation and clinical application of a method to quantify nevirapine in dried blood spots and dried breast-milk spots. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Oct;70(10):2816-22. Abstract
  7. Pandhi D, Ailawadi P. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Indian J Sex Transm Dis. 2014 Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  8. Shapiro RL, Rossi S, Ogwu A, Moss M, Leidner J, Moffat C, Lockman S, Moyo S, Makhema J, Essex M, Capparelli E. Therapeutic levels of lopinavir in late pregnancy and abacavir passage into breast milk in the Mma Bana Study, Botswana. Antivir Ther. 2013;18(4):585-90. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  9. Hirnschall G, Harries AD, Easterbrook PJ, Doherty MC, Ball A. The next generation of the World Health Organization's global antiretroviral guidance. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013 Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  10. Palombi L, Pirillo MF, Andreotti M, Liotta G, Erba F, Sagno JB, Maulidi M, Ceffa S, Jere H, Marchei E, Pichini S, Galluzzo CM, Marazzi MC, Vella S, Giuliano M. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for breastfeeding transmission in Malawi: drug concentrations, virological efficacy and safety. Antivir Ther. 2012;17(8):1511-9. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  11. Minniear TD, Zeh C, Polle N, Masaba R, Peters PJ, Oyaro B, Akoth B, Ndivo R, Angira F, Mills LA, Thomas TK. Rash, hepatotoxicity and hyperbilirubinemia among Kenyan infants born to HIV-infected women receiving triple-antiretroviral drugs for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Nov;31(11):1155-7. Abstract
  12. Mirochnick M, Thomas T, Capparelli E, Zeh C, Holland D, Masaba R, Odhiambo P, Fowler MG, Weidle PJ, Thigpen MC. Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of mothers receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Mar;53(3):1170-6. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  13. Rezk NL, White N, Bridges AS, Abdel-Megeed MF, Mohamed TM, Moselhy SS, Kashuba AD. Studies on antiretroviral drug concentrations in breast milk: validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of 7 anti-human immunodeficiency virus medications. Ther Drug Monit. 2008 Oct;30(5):611-9. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  14. Bennetto-Hood C, Aldrovandi GM, King JR, Woodman K, Ashouri N, Acosta EP. Persistence of nevirapine in breast milk after discontinuation of treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 1;45(3):391-4. Epub 2007 Jun 18. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  15. Giuliano M, Guidotti G, Andreotti M, Pirillo MF, Villani P, Liotta G, Marazzi MC, Mancini MG, Cusato M, Germano P, Loureiro S, Ceffa S, Regazzi M, Vella S, Palombi L. Triple antiretroviral prophylaxis administered during pregnancy and after delivery significantly reduces breast milk viral load: a study within the Drug Resource Enhancement Against AIDS and Malnutrition Program. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Mar 1;44(3):286-91. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  16. Colebunders R, Hodossy B, Burger D, Daems T, Roelens K, Coppens M, Van Bulck B, Jacquemyn Y, Van Wijngaerden E, Fransen K. The effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment on viral load and antiretroviral drug levels in breast milk. AIDS. 2005 Nov 4;19(16):1912-5. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  17. Shapiro RL, Holland DT, Capparelli E, Lockman S, Thior I, Wester C, Stevens L, Peter T, Essex M, Connor JD, Mirochnick M. Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of women in Botswana receiving antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dis. 2005 Sep 1;192(5):720-7. Epub 2005 Jul 27. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  18. WHO / UNICEF. BREASTFEEDING AND MATERNAL MEDICATION Recommendations for Drugs in the Eleventh WHO Model List of Essential Drugs. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (WHO/UNICEF) 2002 Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  19. Mirochnick M, Fenton T, Gagnier P, Pav J, Gwynne M, Siminski S, Sperling RS, Beckerman K, Jimenez E, Yogev R, Spector SA, Sullivan JL. Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women and their neonates. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 250 Team. J Infect Dis. 1998 Aug;178(2):368-74. Abstract Full text (link to original source)

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