Интерферон Гамма

It is a cytokine with antiviral, immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. It is mainly produced by activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and obtained by recombinant DNA technology. It is indicated to reduce the frequency of serious infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and severe malignant osteopetrosis. subcutaneous administration.

Since the last update we have not found published data on its excretion in breastmilk.

The high molecular weight of the various interferons, their high binding to T lymphocytes and their distribution outside the plasmatic compartment make their passage into milk very unlikely.

Due to protein nature, a low oral bioavailability is predicted after being digested by the intestine of infants. Therefore, infants' plasma levels from ingested breast milk must be zero or low, except in preterm infants and immediate neonatal period (2 first weeks after birth), in which there may be greater intestinal absorption.

Excretion of other interferons, such as interferon Alfa or interferon Beta, in breast milk is negligible.^{(Hale 2012, Kumar 2000, Haggstrom 1996)}

No side effects have been observed in infants after maternal treatment with interferon beta (1a or 1b) for months or years. ^{(Ciplea 2020, Fragoso 2013, Hale 2012, Rockhoff 2012, Hellwig 2011)}

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Interferon-gamma is naturally found in breastmilk ^{(Goldman 1996)} where it is produced by leukocytes from colostrum and mature milk^{(Lawton 1979)}; Probably it acts on the oropharyngeal and intestinal lymphoid tissue of the infant contributing to the development and maturation of the immune system. ^{(Bocci 1993)}

Interferon gamma level is higher in premature mother's milk, 2,6 ng/L, than in at-term mother's milk, 0,7 ng/L ^{(Moles 2015, Srivastava 1996)}. Milk pasteurization reduces the interferon gamma level ^{(Ewaschuk 2011)}. Breastfeeding, probably through increasing prolactin, increases the maternal plasma concentration of interferon gamma and interleukin compared to baseline conditions. ^{(Shimaoka 2001)}

 

See below the information of these related products:

• Interferon Alfa (IFN-α) (Safe substance and/or breastfeeding is the best option.)
• Interferon Beta (IFN-β) (Safe substance and/or breastfeeding is the best option.)