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Thiamine or Vitamin B1 is a water soluble vitamin. In addition to Thiamine, other chemical compounds with similar activity: Acetiamine, Benfotiamine, Bisbentiamine, Bisbutiamina, Cetotiamina, Cicotiamina, Cocarboxylase, Fursultiamine, Monofosfotiamina, Octotiamine, Pyrophosphotiamine, Prosultiamine and Sulbutiamine. It is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrate nutrients.
Its deficiency causes severe neuromuscular and cardiac symptoms known as Beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff disease (Rao 2010). Thiamine deficiency is common among disadvantaged populations in Southeast Asia (predominantly consumers of refined rice), other malnourished people (refugees, low socioeconomic status ...) and chronic alcohol consumption (Butterworth 2001, McGready 2001, Doran 1997). Beriberi of childhood, both infants and children, may arise from breastfeeding by Thiamine deficient mothers (Moulin 2014, Coats 2013, Bowman 2013, Allen 2012, Debuse 1992). Reportedly, several severe cases have occured after feeding the babies with artificial formulas that were not supplemented with vitamin B1. (Shamir 2012, Fattal 2005, Siegel 2003)
Daily allowance is higher during pregnancy and lactation (1.5 mg / day) which is readily obtained through a varied diet with adequate content of whole grains, legumes, nuts, eggs and lean meat. (Ares 2015, Hall 2010)
Thiamine is excreted in breast milk and gradually increases with time, being lower in colostrum (28 ng / mL) and transitional milk than in mature milk (180 ng / mL) (Ford 1983). The concentration is lower in milk from mothers of preterm (90 ng / mL). (Ren 2015)
Taking vitamin supplementation is not required if diet and nutritional status are adequate(Ares 2015). Supplementation does not increase levels in milk of well-nourished women (Keikha 2021, Stuetz 2012, Thomas 1980), but of those with a low nutritional status. The supplementation of group B vitamins and C and E vitamins to HIV positive mothers improves the weight growth of their breasted babies.
There is no evidence of their effectiveness in improving athletic performance, lack of appetite, sores, stress, fatigue or aging.
Toxicity linked to excessive consumption of thiamine is not known.
Recommendations for Drugs in the Eleventh WHO Model List of Essential Drugs: compatible with Breastfeeding. (WHO 2002). American Academy of Pediatrics: medication usually compatible with breastfeeding. (AAP 2001)