Last update July 10, 2023

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Incompatible

Very unsafe. Contraindicated. Use of an alternative or cessation of breastfeeding. Read the Commentary.

Phencyclidine is similar to ketamine in its structure and effects and is a potent analgesic and anesthetic. It is no longer used in anesthesia because of its serious dissociative effects (NIH 2023)(hallucinations, postoperative psychosis). As a drug of abuse (PCP or Angel Dust), it is a potent hallucinogen taken orally, snorted, injected or smoked.

PCP is highly lipophilic and is stored in adipose tissue for months. It is excreted in breast milk. Levels (3.9 mcg/L) were measured in breast milk more than 40 days after the last consumption. (Kaufman 1983)

Concentrations of between 12 and 118 mcg/L have been found in drug users with drug effects, and between 50 and 3,700 mcg/L in comatose patients following overdose. Tablets contain 3-5 mg and cigarettes 5-50 mg.

Side effects are frequent and very serious (psychosis, vomiting, convulsions, hypertension, rhabdomyolysis, respiratory depression...).

It is known from Pharmacokinetics that after 5 elimination half-lives (T½), 96.9% of an ingested substance is eliminated from the body and after 7 T½ the plasma concentrations of the substance are negligible and would constitute the safe waiting period to return to breastfeeding after having taken phencyclidine.

Taking as reference the longest published T½ (51 h)these 7 T½ would correspond to 15 days. Meanwhile, breast milk must be expressed and discarded regularly.

Drug abuse turns the mother unable to take care of the infant properly and poses a threat for health of both the mother and the child.

It is not recommended to share a bed with the baby if you are taking this drug.

Similar phencyclidine analogues are:

  • PHP (rolicyclidine; 1-(1-(1-(1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine).
  • PCC (1-piperidinocyclohexanecylcarbonitrile).
  • PCE ( N-ethyl-1-phenyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine)
  • TCP (1-[1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine)

There is no scientific evidence on the benefits and risks of microdosing of psychedelic/disociative drugs. (NIH 2023, Kaypak 2022, de Wit 2022, Szigeti 2021, Lea 2020, Kuypers 2019)

Suggestions made at e-lactancia are done by APILAM team of health professionals, and are based on updated scientific publications. It is not intended to replace the relationship you have with your doctor but to compound it. The pharmaceutical industry contraindicates breastfeeding, mistakenly and without scientific reasons, in most of the drug data sheets.

Jose Maria Paricio, Founder & President of APILAM/e-Lactancia

Your contribution is essential for this service to continue to exist. We need the generosity of people like you who believe in the benefits of breastfeeding.

Thank you for helping to protect and promote breastfeeding.

José María Paricio, founder of e-lactancia.

Group

Phencyclidine (PCP) belongs to this group or family:

Tradenames

Main tradenames from several countries containing Phencyclidine (PCP) in its composition:

Pharmacokinetics

Variable Value Unit
Oral Bioavail. 50 - 90 %
Molecular weight 243 daltons
Protein Binding 65 %
VD 6.2 ± 0.3 l/Kg
pKa 8.5 -
Tmax oral: 1.5. Inhal: 0.05-0.3 hours
24 - 51 hours
M/P ratio 10 -

References

  1. NIH. National Institute on Drug Abuse Psychedelic and Dissociative Drugs. - 2023 Consulted on July 10, 2023 Full text (link to original source)
  2. NIH. Natinal Institute on drug abuse Drogas psicodélicas y disociativas. - 2023 Consulted on July 10, 2023 Full text (link to original source)
  3. de Wit H, Molla HM, Bershad A, Bremmer M, Lee R. Repeated low doses of LSD in healthy adults: A placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Addict Biol. 2022 Mar;27(2):e13143. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  4. Kaypak AC, Raz A. Macrodosing to microdosing with psychedelics: Clinical, social, and cultural perspectives. Transcult Psychiatry. 2022 Oct;59(5):665-674. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  5. Szigeti B, Kartner L, Blemings A, Rosas F, Feilding A, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL, Erritzoe D. Self-blinding citizen science to explore psychedelic microdosing. Elife. 2021 Mar 2;10. pii: e62878. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  6. Lea T, Amada N, Jungaberle H, Schecke H, Klein M. Microdosing psychedelics: Motivations, subjective effects and harm reduction. Int J Drug Policy. 2020 Jan;75:102600. Abstract
  7. Kuypers KP, Ng L, Erritzoe D, Knudsen GM, Nichols CD, Nichols DE, Pani L, Soula A, Nutt D. Microdosing psychedelics: More questions than answers? An overview and suggestions for future research. J Psychopharmacol. 2019 Sep;33(9):1039-1057. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  8. ABM Protocolo clínico de la ABM n.º 21: Pautas para la lactancia y el consumo de sustancias o trastorno por consumo de sustancias, revisado en 2015. Breastfeed Med. 2015 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  9. ABM. Reece-Stremtan S, Marinelli KA. ABM Clinical Protocol #21: Guidelines for Breastfeeding and Substance Use or Substance Use Disorder, Revised 2015. Breastfeed Med. 2015 Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  10. Meyer MR, Maurer HH. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion pharmacogenomics of drugs of abuse. Pharmacogenomics. 2011 Feb;12(2):215-33. Abstract
  11. Høiseth G, Hjelmeland K, Bachs L. [Phencyclidine--angel dust]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2005 Oct 20;125(20):2775-6. Review. Norwegian. Abstract Full text (link to original source)
  12. Moretti ME, Lee A, Ito S. Which drugs are contraindicated during breastfeeding? Practice guidelines. Can Fam Physician. 2000 Sep;46:1753-7. Review. Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  13. Busto U, Bendayan R, Sellers EM. Clinical pharmacokinetics of non-opiate abused drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1989 Jan;16(1):1-26. Review. Abstract
  14. Kaufman KR, Petrucha RA, Pitts FN Jr, Weekes ME. PCP in amniotic fluid and breast milk: case report. J Clin Psychiatry. 1983 Jul;44(7):269-70. Abstract

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